The People of 1381
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Source
| Type | Petition |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA SC 8/20/970 |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| Published source (may be more than one) | W. Mark Ormrod, Helen Killick and Phil Bradford (eds.) Early Common Petitions in the English Parliament, c.1290-c.1420 (Camden Fifth Series, 52), Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society. 2017, pp. 177-9 (full edition, translation and historical note). |
| Text in Original Language | A tresexcellent et tresredoute prynce nostre seignur le Roy et son tresnoble counsaille en ceste present parlement supplient les comunes de son roialme; qe come en [temps de insurreccion] des comunes en diverses countees d'Engleterre, cestassavoir en les countees d'Essex, Kent, Cantebrigge, Huntyngdoun, l'an de soun regne quarte trayterousement [encountre] lour ligeance soy leverount, come a vostre hautesse et partout la royalme est notoriement conutz, et quex malfesours en les dites countees ascunes de eux lour [furent capitaines], principales, chevynteyns, pur amesner et exiter tous les comunes de royalme a destruer vous lour seignur liege et touz les gentiles de mesme le royalme, come [Wauter] Tylere del countee de Kent, Jakke Strawe en Essex, Johan Hanchach en le counte de Canterbrigge, Robert Phippe en le countee de Huntyngdoun [quex ne furont] par comune cours et processe de ley atteintz, mes fesantz lour dites tresounes prises, par voz ministres pur ceste cause hastiement decollez, pur eschewer rescous des [ditz] chevynteyns par les comunes a eux aerdauntz, as quex meliour resistence adonqe par discrecioun de tieles gentiles ne purreit avoir este fait, pur salvacion de lour [dit seignur liege] et l'estat de son royalme qe les ditz Wauter, Jakke Strawe, Johan Hanchach, Robert Phippe soient aiuggez et declarez en ceste parlement atteintz come rebelles et felounes nostre seignur le Roy encontre lour ligeance, si avaunt come ils ussent estez atteints en lours vies par appel enditement ou altre processe de ley, qar lours heires demandent lours terres et tenementz en manere come ils ussent estez mortz voz loiaux lieges. Response: Est acorde en cest present parlement qe ceux qeux furent mys a mort en temps de insurreccioun soyent tenuz com felouns convictes. |
| Text (English translation) | The commons of the realm: in the recent uprising of 1381 the leaders − such as Walter Tyler in Kent, Jack Straw in Essex, John Hanchach in Cambridgeshire and Robert Phippe in Huntingdonshire − were not convicted by process of law, but were arrested whilst committing treason and beheaded by the king's ministers in order to prevent their rescue by their followers. The commons request that they be adjudged and declared in this parliament as convicted rebels and felons, just as if this had been done by due process of law, as their heirs are demanding their lands and tenements as if they had died as the king's loyal lieges. Response: It is agreed in this present parliament that those who were put to death during the insurrection are to be considered as convicted felons. |
| General Information | [1381-1385]. Rot. Parl. vol. III, p. 175a, no. 1 assigns this petition to 7 Richard II (22 June 1383- 21 June 1384), but PROME, Parliament of October 1385, Appendix no. 10 assigns it to 1385. A note on the guard says that it must come from the first parliament after the Peasants' Revolt, which would put it at 1381. Given the uncertainty, a date range of 1381-5 is suggested (see Ormrod, Killick and Bradford, p. 179). |
People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18387 | John | Hanchach | Male | Cambridgeshire | 3763 | Go to participant page | ||
| 18388 | Robert | Phippe | Male | Huntingdonshire | 3763 | Go to participant page | ||
| 18386 | Jack | Strawe | Male | Essex | 3763 | Go to participant page | ||
| 18385 | Walter | Tylere | Male | Kent | 3763 | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3763 | Common petition requesting that those rebels beheaded during the rising be judged convicted felons | The commons of the realm state that the rebels in the late uprising had certain leaders, such as Walter Tylere in Kent, Jack Strawe in Essex, John Hanchach in Cambridgeshire and Robert Phippe in Huntingdonshire, who were not convicted by process of law, but caught committing treason and beheaded by the king's ministers, to prevent their rescue by their followers; the commons request that they be adjudged and declared in this parliament as convicted rebels and felons, just as if this had been done by due process of law, for their heirs are demanding their lands and tenements as if they had died as the king's loyal lieges. | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Hanchach ( 18387 ) | Common petition requesting that those rebels beheaded during the rising be judged convicted felons (3763) | Accused | |
| Robert Phippe ( 18388 ) | Common petition requesting that those rebels beheaded during the rising be judged convicted felons (3763) | Accused | |
| Jack Strawe ( 18386 ) | Common petition requesting that those rebels beheaded during the rising be judged convicted felons (3763) | Accused | |
| Walter Tylere ( 18385 ) | Common petition requesting that those rebels beheaded during the rising be judged convicted felons (3763) | Accused |
