The People of 1381
Search All View Names A-Z View Locations A-Z
Source
| Type | Inquisitions Miscellaneous |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA C 145/225 m. 2 |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| County | Cornwall |
| Published source (may be more than one) | Cal. Inq. Misc. 1377-1388, p. 101, no. 176 |
| Text in Original Language | Ricardus dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie dilectis et fidelibus suis Johanni de Kentwode Willelmo Basset et Willelmo Bruyn salutem Sciatis quod cum nuper diverse communitates in diversis comitatibus regni nostri Anglie diversas insurrectiones levaciones et conventicula ac homicidia arsuras et alia dampna quamplurima in nostri et corone nostre preiudicium ac pacis nostre in hac parte lesionem manifestam proditorie fecerunt Ac iam intellexerimus quod quidam malefactores et pacis nostre perturbatores aggregatis sibi quampluribus aliis huiusmodi malefactoribus diversas huiusmodi conventicula insurrectiones et levaciones in comitatu Cornub' nuper proditorie fecerunt ac parcum dilecti et fidelis nostri Radulphi Carmynowe Chivaler per huiusmodi insurrectiones et levaciones vi et armis fregerunt ac domos suos ibidem proditorie prostraverunt et bona et catalla sua ibidem ac feras de parco predicto ceperunt et asportaverunt et alia dampna quamplurima populo nostro in comitatu predicto per huiusmodi conventicula insurrectiones et levaciones perpetrunt in nostri contemptum et preiudicium et corone nostre regie lesionem manifestam et populi nostri ibidem dampnum gravissimum Assignavimus vos et duos vestrum ad inquirendum per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu predicto per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit de premissis omnibus et singulis aliis articulis et circumstanciis premissa qualitercumque concernentibus plenius veritatem Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca quos vos vel duo vestrum ad hoc provideritis inquisiciones super premissis fac' Et eas distincte et aperte factam nobis in cancellariam nostram sub sigillis vestris vel duorum vestrum et sigillis eorum per quos facte fuerint sine dilacione mittatis et hoc breve Mandavimus enim vicecomiti nostro Cornub' quod ad certos dies et loca quos vos vel duo vestrum ei scire fac' venire fac' coram vobis vel duobus vestrum tot et tales probos et legales homines de balliva sua per quos rei veritas in premissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri In cuius rei testimonium has litteras nostras fieri fecimus patentes Teste me ipso apud Chelmesford tercio die Julij Anno regni nostri quinto. per ipsum Regem Inquisitio capta et cetera Qui dicunt quod Willelmus Botreaux miles percipiens a sociis quosdam de communitate comitat' Essex et Kanc' proditores domini Regis surrexisse armatos contra dominum Regem et comburisse diversa domos et alia bona ac decollasse et occidisse Archiepiscopum Cantuariensis et Cancellar' et ... Priorem sancti Johannis de Jerusalem Anglie Thesaur' domini Regis et alios quamplures Idem Willelmus Botriaux aggregat' sibi octaginta proditoribus domini Regis in confortacionem huius communitat' et aliorum predictorum surrexit contra legem domini Regis cum predicta multitudine super ligeos domini Regis dum ipsi in presencia et auxilio domini Regis fuerunt duodecimo die ?post decollaciones et prodiciones predictas factas Videlicet die Mercurii proxima post festum Nativitatis sancti Johannis Baptiste Anno regni Regis secundi post conquestum Anglie quinto et eodem die predicti octoginta proditores sic per predictum Willelmum Botriaux aggregat' ex concensu consilio et precepto suo vi et armis contra pacem venerunt ad manerium Radulphi Carmynow militis de Budconeke in comitatu Cornub' et ibidem quandam portam et quemdam murum lapid' et parcum ipsius Radulphi ibidem fregerunt et prostraverunt et feras suas ibidem fugaverunt et de eis viginti feras occiderunt ceperunt et inde asportaverunt usque ad manerium ipsius Willelmi Botriaux de Botilet in Comitatu Cornub' et Servientes ipsius Radulphi Carmynowe ad ipsos interficiend' in manerio predicto de Budconeke quesiver' prodiciose ut inimici domini Regis et regni Anglie. In cuius rei testimonium predicti Juratores huic inquisicioni sigilla sua apposuerunt Inquisitio capta et cetera Qui dicunt quod Ricardus Eir Trewelosik Willelmus Godman capellanus Petrus Aude de Lenante percipientes et scientes quosdam de communitat' comitat' Essex et Kanc' proditores domini Regis surrexisse armatos contra dominum Regem et comburisse diversa domos et alia bona ac decollasse et occidisse Archiepiscopum Cantuariensis cancellarium Anglie Priorem sancti Johannis de Jerusalem' Thesaurium domini Regis et alios quamplures. ijdem Ricardus Eir Willelmus Godman Capellanus et Petrus Aude aggregatis quampluribus hominibus armatis ad modum Gruerre ?cimulando eis regalem potestatem in exhereditacione corone nostri supradicti domini Regis Ricardi et in confortacione huius communitatis vi et armis contra pacem ... ad plures prodiciones et felonias faciend' et plures de ligeis domini Regis decolland' ad villam de Lanantacoth ubi Radulphus Osberne de Lananta Radulphus filius eius Thomas filius ipsius Radulphi et alij de servientibus ipsius Radulphi fuerunt operantes in pace et sub proteccione domini Regis ijdem Ricardus Eyr Willelmus Godman Capellanus Petrus Aude et Johannes Stabba cum predictis hominibus armatis per consilium et procuracionem Johannis Tremayn de Bodwythgy sic eis aggregat' die Veneris proxima post festum Apostulorum Petri et Pauli Anno supradicti Regis Ricardi quinto equitaverunt a villa de Trewelesik ad terram predicti Radulphi Osberne Prioris in Lanantacoth. ubi idem Radulphus Osbern cum predictis filiis suis et servientibus fuit operans et ibidem ipsum Radulphum Osbern de Lananta Radulphum filium eius et Thomam filium eius et servientes suos verberaverunt maheimaverunt et tanquam mortuos ibidem permiserunt et equos suos et alia bona sua ab eis felonice et prodiciose ceperunt et asportaverunt. Et de omnibus supradictis felonijs idem Ricardus Eyr est receptor et manutentor. Item dicunt quod supradictus Ricardus Eyr Willelmus Eyr frater eius et Rogerus Trenwynnard percipientes et scientes predicta prodiciones surrexiones decollaciones et homicidias per communitatem comitat' de Essex' et Kanc' contra dominum Regem esse facta et prodiciose perpetrata aggregat' sibi tribus centenis hominbus armatis in confortacionem proditorum predictorum surrexerunt armat' ad diversos homines de ligeis domini Regis decolland' et occidend' die Sabbati proxima post festum Sancte Trinitatis Anno supradicti Regis Ricardi quinto felonice et prodiciose vi et armis contra pacem venerunt ad aquam Willelmi Prioris Bodminie de Donmor intraverunt et gurgitem in aqua separali ipsius Prioris fregerunt et prostraverunt et unam domum ipsius Prioris super separalem terram suam existent' fregerunt et prostraverunt prodiciose ut inimici domini Regis et regni sui Anglie Item dicunt quod Johannes Tremayn de Bodwythgy et Johannes Stabba scientes et percipientes predicta prodiciones surrexiones decollaciones et homicid' per communitatem comitat' Essex' et Kanc' contra dominum Regem esse fact' et prodiciose perpetrata aggregaverunt sibi quamplures homines armatos et in confortacionem predictorum proditorum contra legem domini Regis et contra suam ligeanciam armati ad modum guerre surexerunt die Mercurii proxima post festum sancti Jacobi Apostuli Anno supradicti Regis nostri Ricardi quinto et sic armati equitaverunt ad diversa decollaciones homicid' maheima faciend' prodiciose ad domum Johannis Treglosek in Villa de Karkerion in Comitatu Cornub' et ipsum Johannem Treglosek a domo sua fugaverunt prodiciose tanquam domini Regis inimici et regni sui Anglie In cuius rei testimonium predicti Juratores present' Inquisicioni sigilla sua apposuerunt |
| Text (English translation) | Richard, by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, to his beloved and faithful John de Kentwode, William Basset and William Bruyn, greetings. Know you that, whereas lately diverse communities in diverse counties of our realm of England have traitorously made diverse insurrections, risings up and conventicles and homicides, arsons and very many other damages to the prejudice of us and of our crown and the manifest injury of our peace in this matter. And now we have understood that certain wrongdoers and disturbers of our peace, after these wrongdoers had gathered with them very many others, lately traitorously made diverse conventicles, insurrections and risings up of this kind in the county of Cornwall, and by force and arms broke the park of our beloved and faithful Ralph Carmynowe, knight, by these insurrections and risings up, and traitorously knocked down his houses there, and took ad carried away his goods and chattels there and deer from the aforesaid park, and perpetrated very many other damages on our people in the aforesaid county by these conventicles, insurrections and risings up in contempt and prejudice of us and to the manifest injury of our royal crown and the very serious damage of our people there. We have assigned you, and two of you, to inquire by the oath of upright and lawful men of the aforesaid county, by whom the truth of the matter can be better known, more fully into the truth about all and singular the premises, other articles and circumstances howsoever concerning the premises. And therefore, we command you that, at certain days and places, which you, or two of you, will provide for this, you make inquisitions upon the premises. And you are to send them without delay, clearly and openly made, to us into our Chancery under your seals, or those of two of you, and their seals, by whom they will have been made, and this writ. For we have commanded our sheriff of Cornwall that, at certain days and places, which you, or two of you, cause him to know, he causes to come before you, or two of you, so many and such upright and lawful men from his bailiwick, by whom the truth of the matter in the premises can be better known and inquired into. In testimony of which matter, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witnessed by me, myself, at Chelmsford on the third day of July in the fifth year of our reign. By the king, himself. Inquisition, taken, etc. Who say that William Botreaux, knight, perceiving from his fellows that certain men from the community of the counties of Essex and Kent, traitors of the lord king, had made an insurrection, armed against the lord king and had burnt diverse houses and other goods, and had beheaded and killed the archbishop of Canterbury and chancellor ..., the prior of St John of Jerusalem of England, treasurer of the lord king, and very many others. The same William Botriaux, having assembled to himself 80 traitors of the lord king, in comfort of this community and the aforesaid others, rose up against the law of the lord king with the aforesaid multitude upon the subjects of the lord king, while they were in the presence and aid of the lord king, on the 12th day after the aforesaid beheadings and treasons had been made, viz on Wednesday next after the feast of the Nativity of St John the Baptist in the fifth year of the reign of King Richard II after the conquest of England, and on the same day the aforesaid 80 traitors, so assembled by the aforesaid William Botriaux, with his consent, advice and order, by force and arms, against the peace came to the manor of Ralph Carmynow, knight, of 'Budconeke' in the county of Cornwall, and there broke and knocked down a certain gate and a certain stone wall and the park of the same Ralph there, and drove his wild beasts there, and killed 20 deer from them, and took and carried them away thereupon as far as the manor of the same William Botriaux of 'Botilet' in the county of Cornwall, and sought out the servants of the same Ralph Carmynowe to kill them in the aforesaid manor of 'Budconeke' traitorously as enemies of the lord king and the realm of England. In testimony of which matter, the aforesaid jurors have affixed their seals to this inquisition. Inquisition, taken, etc. Who say that Richard Eir [of] 'Trewelosik', William Godman, chaplain, Peter Aude of 'Lenante', receiving and knowing that certain men from the community [of the counties] of Essex and Kent, traitors of the lord king, had risen up armed against the lord king and had burnt diverse houses and other goods, and had beheaded and killed the archbishop of Canterbury, chancellor of England, the prior of St John of Jerusalem, treasurer of the lord king, and very many others. The same Richard Eir, William Godman, chaplain, and Peter Aude, having assembled very many men, armed in a warlike manner, ... royal power to them, to the disinheritance of the crown of our abovesaid lord King Richard, and in comfort of this community, by force and arms, against the peace ... to do several treasons and felonies, and to behead several of the subjects of the lord king at the vill of 'Lanantacoth', where Ralph Osberne of 'Lananta', Ralph his son, Thomas, son of the same Ralph, and others from the servants of the same Ralph were working in peace and under the protection of the lord king, the same Richard Eyr, William Godman, chaplain, Peter Aude and John Stabba with the aforesaid armed men, so assembled to them, by the advice and procurement of John Tremayn of 'Bodwythgy', on Friday next after the feast of the apostles Peter and Paul in the fifth year of the abovesaid King Richard, rode out from the vill of 'Trewelesik' to the land of the aforesaid Ralph Osberne, the prior, in 'Lanantacoth', where the same Ralph Osbern was working with his aforesaid sons and servants, and there beat, maimed and left there as if dead the same Ralph Osbern of 'Lananta', Ralph his son and Thomas his son and his servants, and they took and carried away their horses and their other goods from them feloniously and traitorously. And as to all the abovesaid felonies, the same Richard Eyr is a receiver and maintainer. Item, they say that the abovesaid Richard Eyr, William Eyr, his brother, and Roger Trenwynnard, perceiving and knowing that the aforesaid treasons, uprisings, beheadings and homicides had been made and traitorously perpetrated by the community of the counties of Essex and Kent against the lord king, having assembled to themselves 300 armed men in comfort of the aforesaid traitors, rose up armed to behead and kill diverse men from the subjects of the lord king, on Saturday next after the feast of Holy Trinity in the fifth year of the abovesaid King Richard, feloniously and traitorously, by force and arms, against the peace came to the water of William, prior of Bodmin, of Dunmere, entered and broke and knocked down the weir in the separate water of the same prior, and broke and knocked down one house of the same prior being upon his separate land, traitorously as enemies of the lord king and his realm of England. Item, they say that John Tremayn of 'Bodwythgy' and John Stabba, knowing and perceiving the aforesaid treasons, uprisings, beheadings and homicides were made and traitorously perpetrated by the community of the counties of Essex and Kent against the lord king, assembled to themselves very many armed men and to the comfort of the aforesaid traitors against the law of the lord king and against his allegiance, armed in a warlike manner, rose up on Wednesday next after the feast of St James the apostle in the fifth year of our abovesaid king, and so armed, rode to do diverse beheadings, homicides and maims traitorously at the house of John Treglosek in the vill of 'Karkerion' in the county of Cornwall, and they drove the same John Treglosek from his house traitorously as if enemies of the lord king and of his realm of England. In testimony of which matter, the aforesaid jurors have affixed their seals to the present inquisition. |
People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28374 | Peter | Aude | Male | Lelant,Cornwall | 4666 | Go to participant page | ||
| 28361 | William | Basset | Male | 4663 | Go to participant page | |||
| 28364 | William | Botriaux | Male | Knight | Botelet,Cornwall | 4663 | Go to participant page | |
| 28362 | William | Bruyn | Male | 4663 | Go to participant page | |||
| 28363 | Ralph | Carmynowe | Male | Knight | 4663 | Go to participant page | ||
| 28368 | Richard | Eir | Male | Trelissick,Cornwall | 4666,4666,4667 | Go to participant page | ||
| 28369 | William | Eyr | Male | 4667 | Go to participant page | |||
| 28370 | William | Godman | Male | Chaplain | 4666 | Go to participant page | ||
| 28360 | John | de Kentwode | Male | 4663 | Go to participant page | |||
| 28375 | Ralph | Osberne | Male | Prior | Lelant,Cornwall | 4666 | Go to participant page | |
| 28376 | Ralph | Osberne | Male | Lelant,Cornwall | 4666 | Go to participant page | ||
| 28377 | Thomas | Osberne | Male | Lelant,Cornwall | 4666 | Go to participant page | ||
| 28378 | John | Stabba | Male | 4666,4668 | Go to participant page | |||
| 28382 | John | Treglosek | Male | 4668 | Go to participant page | |||
| 28379 | John | Tremayn | Male | 'Bodwythgy',Cornwall | 4666,4668 | Go to participant page | ||
| 28380 | Roger | Trenwynnard | Male | 4667 | Go to participant page | |||
| 28381 | William | Male | Prior | Dunmere,Cornwall | 4667 | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4668 | Attack on property of John Treglosek by John Tremayn and John Stabba | John Tremayn of 'Bodwythgy' and John Stabba, knowing and perceiving the aforesaid treasons, uprisings, beheadings and homicides were made and traitorously perpetrated by the community of the counties of Essex and Kent against the lord king, assembled to themselves very many armed men and to the comfort of the aforesaid traitors against the law of the lord king and against his allegiance, armed in a warlike manner, rose up on Wednesday 31 July 1381 and rode to do diverse beheadings, homicides and maims traitorously at the house of John Treglosek in the vill of 'Karkerion' in the county of Cornwall, and they drove the same John Treglosek from his house traitorously as if enemies of the lord king and of his realm of England. | Trespass to person: threats,Trespass to land: forcible ejection of landholder,Warlike array and insurrection | Go to incidents page |
| 4666 | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others | Commission to inquire into insurrection in Cornwall; Richard Eir, William Godman, chaplain, and Peter Aude heard of the rising in Essex and Kent and the killing of Sudbury and Hales, and assembled many men with force and arms; on Friday 5 July 1381 they set out from Trelissick with John Stabba, and with the procurement of John Tremayn, to behead Ralph Osberne, Ralph his son, Thomas, son of the same Ralph, where they were working with their servants on their land at Lelant; and there they beat, maimed and left them there for dead, and they took and carried away their horses and their other goods from them feloniously and traitorously. And as to all the abovesaid felonies, the same Richard Eyr is a receiver and maintainer. | Trespass to chattels: removal of goods,Trespass to person: assault,Trespass to person: battery,Larceny: theft of livestock,Trespass to person: wounding,Larceny: theft of goods,Warlike array and insurrection | Go to incidents page |
| 4663 | Attack on property of Sir Ralph Carmynowe by Sir William Botriaux | Commission to inquire into insurrection in Cornwall; Sir William Botriaux heard of the rising in Essex and Kent and the killing of Sudbury and Hales, and gathered 80 traitors and rose up on Wednesday 26 June 1381; they came with force and arms to the manor of Boconnoc belonging to Ralph Carmynow, knight, broke his gates and hunted and carried off his deer to William's manor of Botelet, and sought Ralph's servants in order to kill them. | Larceny: theft of livestock,Trespass to person: threats,Trespass to land: forcible entry of close and houses,Warlike array and insurrection | Go to incidents page |
| 4667 | Attack on property of William prior of Bodmin by Richard Eir and others | Richard Eyr, William Eyr, his brother, and Roger Trenwynnard, perceiving and knowing that the aforesaid treasons, uprisings, beheadings and homicides had been made and traitorously perpetrated by the community of the counties of Essex and Kent against the lord king, having assembled to themselves 300 armed men in comfort of the aforesaid traitors, rose up armed to behead and kill diverse men from the subjects of the lord king, on Saturday 8 June 1381, feloniously and traitorously, by force and arms, against the peace came to the water of William, prior of Bodmin, of Dunmere, entered and broke and knocked down the weir in the separate water of the same prior, and broke and knocked down one house of the same prior being upon his separate land, traitorously as enemies of the lord king and his realm of England. | Trespass to land: forcible entry of close and houses,Warlike array and insurrection,Trespass to land: throwing down of house | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Stabba ( 28378 ) | Attack on property of John Treglosek by John Tremayn and John Stabba (4668) | Accused | |
| John Treglosek ( 28382 ) | Attack on property of John Treglosek by John Tremayn and John Stabba (4668) | Victim | |
| John Tremayn ( 28379 ) | Attack on property of John Treglosek by John Tremayn and John Stabba (4668) | Accused | |
| Peter Aude ( 28374 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Accused | |
| Richard Eir ( 28368 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Accused | |
| Richard Eir ( 28368 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Accused | |
| William Godman ( 28370 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Accused | |
| Ralph Osberne ( 28375 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Victim | |
| Ralph Osberne ( 28376 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Victim | |
| Thomas Osberne ( 28377 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Victim | |
| John Stabba ( 28378 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Accused | |
| John Tremayn ( 28379 ) | Attack on property of Ralph Osberne by Richard Eir and others (4666) | Accused | |
| William Basset ( 28361 ) | Attack on property of Sir Ralph Carmynowe by Sir William Botriaux (4663) | Commissioner | |
| William Botriaux ( 28364 ) | Attack on property of Sir Ralph Carmynowe by Sir William Botriaux (4663) | Accused | |
| William Bruyn ( 28362 ) | Attack on property of Sir Ralph Carmynowe by Sir William Botriaux (4663) | Commissioner | |
| Ralph Carmynowe ( 28363 ) | Attack on property of Sir Ralph Carmynowe by Sir William Botriaux (4663) | Victim | |
| John de Kentwode ( 28360 ) | Attack on property of Sir Ralph Carmynowe by Sir William Botriaux (4663) | Commissioner | |
| Richard Eir ( 28368 ) | Attack on property of William prior of Bodmin by Richard Eir and others (4667) | Accused | |
| William Eyr ( 28369 ) | Attack on property of William prior of Bodmin by Richard Eir and others (4667) | Accused | |
| Roger Trenwynnard ( 28380 ) | Attack on property of William prior of Bodmin by Richard Eir and others (4667) | Accused | |
| William ( 28381 ) | Attack on property of William prior of Bodmin by Richard Eir and others (4667) | Victim |
