The People of 1381
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Source
| Type | Indictment by jury |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA KB 27/482 rex m. 37 |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| County | Hertfordshire |
| Text (English translation) | Hertfordshire It was previously presented before Robert Tresilian and his companions, the lord king's justices appointed to hear and determine various felonies, treasons and other crimes in the aforesaid county, that John Reve and others came voluntarily to the town of St Albans on the Saturday following the feast of Corpus Christi in the fourth year of the reign of King Richard, the second after the conquest, and there rose up against the lord king, treacherously and feloniously, as the lord king's enemies. Which indictment the lord king, for certain reasons, had brought before him among others to be determined. For which reason the sheriff was ordered to seize him if etc. And now, namely on the Wednesday following the octave of St Martin in this same term, the aforesaid John Reve appeared before the lord king at Westminster, sent by the bailiffs of the abbot of St Albans of St Albans, by a writ of the lord king addressed to them on this matter; and he is handed over to the marshal. And immediately, led by the marshal, he appears and is asked how he wishes to acquit himself of the felonies and treasons. He says that the present lord king has, of his special grace, pardoned to him the suit of his peace which belongs to him for certain treasons and felonies committed by him in the aforesaid insurrection, by his letters patent which he produces here in court in these words: Richard, by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, to all his bailiffs and all his faithful to whom the present letters come, greetings. Although lately, during the months of May, June and July last, a great number of our people, against our peace, at the devil's instigation - some of them, that is, from their own malice and some compelled by others - rose up in a very great multitude in various parts of our realm, perpetrating a great number of crimes in various ways; we, however, with pious compassion for the destruction of our people, and considering the good and faithful conduct of our subjects of our said realm towards our progenitors and towards us, experienced for a long time before now, and also as we have understood that these offenders are sorry for what they have done, and wish to conduct themselves well and peacefully towards us and our people in future, and wishing for that reason to temper the rigour of justice with mildness, we have of our special grace pardoned to John Reve of Watford the suit of our peace which belongs to us from him, for any treasons, felonies and trespasses done or perpetrated in the aforesaid insurrections, for which he is indicted, charged or accused, and also outlawries, if any have been pronounced against him for these reasons, and we grant him our permanent peace on this, provided however that he is not one of the principals in the said insurrection, or in the death of the venerable father Simon of good memory, lately archbishop of Canterbury, or of brother Robert Hales, lately prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, then our treasurer, or of John de Cavendissh, lately our chief justice, or of the burning of the manor of Savoy or of the house of Clerkenwell, or of the death of the prior of Bury; provided that henceforth he conducts himself well and peacefully towards us and our people, and that he stands to right in our court if anyone should wish to speak against him concerning the aforesaid or any of the aforesaid. In testimony of which thing we have had these our letters patent made. Witness myself at Westminster, the twelfth day of November in the fifth year of our reign. Middlesex The lord king sent his writ close to his beloved and faithful William Walleworth in these words: Richard by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, to his beloved and faithful William Walleworth, greetings. Wishing for certain reasons that the indictment held before you and your companions, appointed to chastise and punish any rebels who have risen up in unlawful gatherings and assemblies against our peace and to the disturbance of our people, and who henceforth wish to rise up, in the county of Middlesex, concerning certain treasons of which Edward Weston is indicted, as is said, should be determined before us and not elsewhere, we order you to send the aforesaid indictment with everything touching it to us under your seal, clearly and openly, and this writ, so that we have them before us on this next Wednesday, wherever we then are in England, so that we may further have done on this what should be done rightly, and according to the law and custom of our realm of England. Witness myself at Westminster, the sixteenth day of November, in the fifth year of our reign. The endorsement of this writ follows in these words: I, the William Walleworth mentioned here, by virtue of this writ send you the indictment mentioned in it, with everything touching it, according to the form of the aforesaid writ; which indictment is sewn onto the present letters. The aforesaid indictment follows in these words: The inquisition held before William Walleworth, mayor of the city of London, and his companions, the lord king's justices appointed by the lord king's letters patent to enquire into, hear and determine certain treasons, homicides and other felonies in the county of Middlesex, that is at the lodging of John Barbour, son of Walter Barbour, by the stone cross at the Strand outside the gate of the New Temple of London, in the aforesaid county of Middlesex, on the Monday following the feast of St Peter ad vincula in the fifth year of the reign of King Richard, the second after the conquest, by the oath of William Lovell, Andrew Tetlesworth, William Hull, William Brenge, William Sudbury, William Grendon, John Basford, William Butt, Thomas Brandesby, William Est, Richard Est and John Lorymer, upright men of the aforesaid county, who say that Edward Weston, named in the lord king's writ sewn onto this indictment, and the other malefactors rising up against the lord king, namely Thomas Bedforth of Holborn, John Leverich, Thomas Brembele, Matilda his wife, Isabella the same Thomas's daughter, John Foke, meriell, William Shepherd of Tothill, Thomas Taillour of Charing, William Capon, labourer, John Neville, barber, Richard Bristowe, innkeeper (hostiller), John Smyth of Lewisham, John servant of the same John, William son of Nicholas Gardyner and John Huntyngdon, butcher, on the Thursday on the feast of Corpus Christi in the fourth year of the reign of King Richard, the second after the conquest, feloniously and treacherously rose up against the lord king in the county of Middlesex, and on the same Thursday feloniously and treacherously burnt the lord duke of Lancaster's manor called the Savoy and the prior of Clerkenwell's manor in the same county of Middlesex. This Edward Weston appeared before the lord king at Westminster on the aforesaid Wednesday following the octave of St Martin, led by the sheriffs of London, by reason of a certain writ of the lord king addressed to them on this. He is handed over to the marshal. |
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People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26821 | John | Barbour | Male | Inner Temple,London | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26822 | Walter | Barbour | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26829 | John | Basford | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26836 | Thomas | Bedforth | Male | Holborn,Middlesex | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26831 | Thomas | Brandesby | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26840 | Isabella | Brembele | Female | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26839 | Matilda | Brembele | Female | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26838 | Thomas | Brembele | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26826 | William | Brenge | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26846 | John | Bristowe | Male | Innkeeper | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26830 | William | Butt | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26844 | William | Capon | Male | Labourer | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26833 | Richard | Est | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26832 | William | Est | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26841 | John | Foke | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26850 | Nicholas | Gardyner | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26849 | William | Gardyner | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26828 | William | Grendon | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26825 | William | Hull | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26851 | John | Huntyngdon | Male | Butcher | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26837 | John | Leverich | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26834 | John | Lorymer | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26823 | William | Lovell | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26845 | John | Neville | Male | Barber | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26820 | John | Reve | Male | Watford,Hertfordshire | 4468 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26842 | William | Shepherd | Male | Tothill,Middlesex | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26847 | John | Smyth | Male | Lewisham,Kent | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26827 | William | Sudbury | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26843 | Thomas | Taillour | Male | Charing Cross,Middlesex | 4469 | Go to participant page | ||
| 26824 | Andrew | Tetlesworth | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26835 | Edward | Weston | Male | 4469 | Go to participant page | |||
| 26848 | John | Male | Servant | Lewisham,Kent | 4469 | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4469 | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others rose up in Middlesex, and on Thursday 13 June 1381 feloniously and treacherously burnt the lord duke of Lancaster's manor called the Savoy and the prior of Clerkenwell's manor in the same county of Middlesex. | Arson: burning of houses | Go to incidents page |
| 4468 | John Reve rises up at St Albans | John Reve and others came voluntarily to the town of St Albans on Saturday 15 June 1381, and there rose up against the lord king, treacherously and feloniously, as the lord king's enemies. He produces a pardon and goes free. | Raising the commons: other | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Barbour ( 26821 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Mentioned | |
| Walter Barbour ( 26822 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Mentioned | |
| John Basford ( 26829 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| Thomas Bedforth ( 26836 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| Thomas Brandesby ( 26831 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| Isabella Brembele ( 26840 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| Matilda Brembele ( 26839 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| Thomas Brembele ( 26838 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| William Brenge ( 26826 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| John Bristowe ( 26846 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| William Butt ( 26830 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| William Capon ( 26844 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| Richard Est ( 26833 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| William Est ( 26832 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| John Foke ( 26841 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| Nicholas Gardyner ( 26850 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Mentioned | |
| William Gardyner ( 26849 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| John of Gaunt ( 5695 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Victim | |
| William Grendon ( 26828 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| Robert Hales ( 6778 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Victim | |
| William Hull ( 26825 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| John Huntyngdon ( 26851 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| John Leverich ( 26837 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| John Lorymer ( 26834 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| William Lovell ( 26823 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| John Neville ( 26845 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| William Shepherd ( 26842 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| John Smyth ( 26847 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| William Sudbury ( 26827 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| Thomas Taillour ( 26843 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| Andrew Tetlesworth ( 26824 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Juror | |
| Edward Weston ( 26835 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| John ( 26848 ) | Edward Weston, Thomas Bedforth and others burn the Savoy and the manor of Clerkenwell (4469) | Accused | |
| John Reve ( 26820 ) | John Reve rises up at St Albans (4468) | Accused |
