The People of 1381
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Source
| Type | Indictment by jury |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA KB 27/482 rex m. 39 |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| County | London |
| Text in Original Language | London: Dominus Rex mandavit dilecto et fideli suo Willelmo Walleworth breve suum clausum in hec verba - Ricardus dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie dilecto et fideli suo Willelmo Walleworth salutem volentes certis de causis indictamentum factum coram vobis et sociis vestris ad quosdam rebelles qui contra pacem nostram et in turbacionem populi nostri in conventiculis et congregacionibus insurrexerint et imposterum insurgere voluerint castigand' et puniend' in civitate nostra London' assignatis de quibusdam prodicionibus unde Willelmus Trewman Brewere indictatus est ut dicitur coram nobis et non alibi terminari - vobis mandamus quod indictamentum predictum cum omnibus illud tangentibus nobis sub sigillo vestro distincte et aperte mittatis et hoc breve Ita quod ea habeamus hac instanti die Mercurii proximo futuro ubicumque tunc fuerimus in Anglia ut ulterius inde fieri faciamus quod de iure et secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglie fuerit faciend' Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium xv die Novembris anno regni nostri quinto - Indictamentum de quo in brevi predicto fit mencio sequitur in hec verba - Inquisitio capta coram Willelmo Walleworthe et sociis suis justiciariis domini Regis ad quascumque prodiciones et ceteras felonias in civitate London' et suburb' London' qualitercumque perpetratas audiend' et terminand' assignatis prout in litteris domini Regis patentibus eisdem justiciariis inde direct' continetur videlicet apud Gihald London' vicesimo die Junij anno regni regis Ricardi secundi post conquestum quinto per sacramentum Bartholomei Brunne Johannis Norfolk Edmundi Ridere Radulphi atte Castell Roberti Broun Johannis Fox Gilberti atte Merssh Willelmi Bergevenye Henrici Payn Nicholai Leche Johannis Leycestre et Stephani Brunne proborum hominum de civitate predicta Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum quod Willelmus Treweman Brewere die Veneris proximo post festum corporis Christi anno regni regis nunc quarto ultimo preterit' fuit unus de insurgentibus contra dominum Regem in civitate London' Et eciam quod idem Willelmus Trewman die Veneris predicto apud Algate London' arestavit Nicholaum Brembre chivaler' equitantem cum domino Rege et ipsum seisivit ibidem per frenum equi sui ipsum reprobando de iniuriis tempore maioratus sui sibi factis. Et simul idem Willelmus Trewman postea eodem die Veneris simul cum uno capitaneo dictorum malefactorum sic insurgentium et ceteris malefactoribus et cetera venit ad domum dicti Nicholai Brembre apud le Riole London' et eidem Nicholao ibidem per potestatem dicti capitanei et aliorum malefactorum predictorum magnum fecit affraiam et ipsum ibidem et totam famuliam suam multipliciter inquietavit et minabatur et cetera constringendo ipsum Nicholaum tunc ibidem pre timore huiusmodi minarum et pro maiori periculo evitand' ad solvend' eidem Willelmo Trewman quinque marcas quas quidem quinque marcas idem Willelmus Trewman ab eodem Nicholao in forma predicta ibidem felonice cepit et cetera - Et modo scilicet die Jovis proximo post octab' sancti Martini isto eodem termino coram domino Rege apud Westmonasterium venit predictus Willelmus Trewman per vicecomites London' pretextu cuiusdam brevis domini Regis eis inde directi qui committitur marescall' Et statim per marescallum ductus venit et allocutus est qualiter de feloniis et prodicionibus predictis se velit acquietare dicit quod dominus Rex nunc de gratia sua speciali pardonavit ei sectam pacis sue que ad ipsum pertinet pro quibuscumque prodicionibus et feloniis in insurreccione predicta per ipsum factis per litteras suas patentas quas profert hic in curia in hec verba - Ricardus dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie et Dominus Hibernie Omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis ad quos presentes littere pervenerint salutem licet nuper mensibus Maij Junij et Julij ultimo preteritis quamplures de populo nostro contra pacem nostram diabolo instigante quidam videlicet illorum ex malicia propria et quidam ex aliorum artacione in multitudine excessiva in diversis partibus regni nostri insurrexerunt quamplura facinora diversimode perpetrando Nos tamen super interitu populi nostri pie compacientes ac considerantes bonum et fidelem gestum subditorum nostrorum dicti regni nostri erga progenitores nostros et nos antea a longo tempore preexpertum necnon delinquentes huiusmodi de commissis ut intelleximus penitere et se velle erga nos et populum nostrum bene et pacifice gerere infuturum volentesque propterea rigorem iusticie mansuetudine temperare de gratia nostra speciali pardonavimus Willelmo Treweman Brewere sectam pacis nostre que ad nos erga ipsum pertinet pro quibuscumque prodicionibus felonijs et transgressionibus factis seu perpetratis in insurrectionibus predictis unde indictatus occasionatus seu rettatus existit ac eciam utlagarias si que in ipsum hiis occasionibus fuerint promulgate et firmam pacem nostram ei inde concedimus et ei bona et catalla sua que ad triginta solidos sicut idem Willelmus asserit appreciantur licet nobis ex causis premissis fuit forisfacta restituimus Habend' de dono nostro Dum tamen dicte insurreccionis aut de morte venerabilis patris Simonis bone memorie nuper Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis seu fratris Roberti Hales nuper Prioris Hospitalis sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia tunc Thesaurij nostri seu Johannis de Cavendissh nuper capitalis justiciarii nostri seu de combustione manerij de Savoye aut domus de Clerkenwell aut morte Prioris de Bury unus de principalibus non existat Ita quod decetero bene et pacifice se gerat erga nos et populum nostrum et quod stet recto in curia nostra si qui erga eum loqui voluerint de premissis vel aliquo premissorum In cuius rei testimonium has litteras nostras fieri fecimus patentes Teste me ipso apud Westmonasterium xxviij die Octobris anno regni nostri quinto |
| Text (English translation) | London The lord king sent to his beloved and faithful William Walleworth his writ of close in these words: Richard, by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, to his beloved and faithful William Walleworth greetings. Wishing, for certain causes, that an indictment, made before you and your fellows, assigned in our city of London to chastise and punish certain rebels, who made an insurrection against our peace and to the disturbance of our people in conventicles and congregations and wish to rise up in the future, about certain treasons, whereof William Trewman, brewer, is indicted, as it is said, is ended before us and not elsewhere. We command you that you send clearly and openly the aforesaid indictment with all things touching it to us under your seal, and this writ. In such a way that we have them on this instant Wednesday next to come, wherever we shall then be in England, so that we may do further thereupon what should be done lawfully and according to the law and custom of our realm of England. Witnessed by me, myself, at Westminster on the 15th day of November in the fifth year of our reign. The indictment, mention of which is made in the aforesaid writ, follows in these words: Inquisition, taken before William Walleworthe and his fellow justices of the lord king, assigned to hear and determine any treasons and other felonies howsoever perpetrated in the city of London and the suburbs of London, just as in letters patent of the lord king, thereupon directed to the same justices, is contained, viz at the Guildhall of London on the 20th day of June in the fifth year of the reign of King Richard II after the conquest, by the oath of Bartholomew Brunne, John Norfolk, Edmund Ridere, Ralph atte Castell, Robert Broun, John Fox, Gilbert atte Merssh, William Bergevenye, Henry Payn, Nicholas Leche, John Leycestre and Stephen Brunne, upright men of the aforesaid city. Who say upon their oath that William Treweman, brewer, on Friday next after the feast of Corpus Christi in the fourth year of the reign of the now king last past, was one of the insurgents against the lord king in the city of London. And also that the same William Trewman, on the aforesaid Friday, at Aldgate, London, arrested Nicholas Brembre, knight, riding with the lord king, and seized him there by the bridle of his horse, reproving him about injuries made to him at the time of his mayoralty. And at the same time the same William Trewman afterwards, on the same Friday, together with one captain of the said wrongdoers so insurging and other wrongdoers, etc, came to the house of the said Nicholas Brembre at 'le Riole', London, and made a great affray upon the same Nicholas there by power of the said captain and the other aforesaid wrongdoers, and on several occasions disquieted and threatened him there and his whole household, etc, constraining the same Nicholas then and there, on account of fear of these threats and for avoiding greater danger, to pay to the same William Trewman five marks. Which same five marks the same William Trewman feloniously took from the same Nicholas in the aforesaid form there, etc. And now, namely on Thursday next after the octave of St Martin in that same term, before the lord king at Westminster there came the aforesaid William Trewman by the sheriffs of London by pretext of a certain writ of the lord king thereupon directed to them, who is committed to the marshal. And immediately having been brought by the marshal, he came and spoke as to how he wishes to acquit himself of the aforesaid felonies and treasons. He says that the now lord king, out of his special grace, pardoned to him the suit of his peace, which pertains to him, for any treasons and felonies, made in the aforesaid insurrection by him, by his letters patent, which he produces here in court in these words: Richard, by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, to all his bailiffs and loyal subjects, to whom these present letters will come, greetings. Although, lately in the months of May, June and July last past, very many of our people made an insurrection against our peace at the devil's instigation, viz some of them out of their own malice and some from the pressing of others, in an excessive multitude in diverse parts of our realm, perpetrating very many bad deeds of diverse kinds. Nevertheless, we, having pity upon the ruin of our people and considering the good and loyal behaviour of our subjects of our said realm, previously experienced towards our progenitors and us from a long time before, and also that those offending are penitent about these things which they have committed, as we have understood, and they wish to behave well and peacefully towards us and our people in the future, and wishing on this account to temper the rigor of justice with gentleness, out of our special grace, have pardoned to William Treweman, brewer, the suit of our peace, which pertains to us towards him, for any treasons, felonies and trespasses, made or perpetrated in the aforesaid insurrections, whereof he is indicted, occasioned or charged, and also outlawries, if any will have been published against him by these occasions, and we thereupon grant to him our firm peace, and we restore to him his goods and chattels, which are appraised at 30 shillings, just as the same William asserts, although they were forfeited to us for the aforesaid causes. To have of our gift, provided that he is not one of the principal men of the said insurrection or about the death of the venerable father Simon, of good memory late archbishop of Canterbury, or [the death] of brother Robert Hales, late prior of the hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, then our treasurer, or of John de Cavendissh, late our chief justice, or about the burning of the manor of the Savoy or the house of Clerkenwell, or about the death of the prior of Bury St Edmunds. In such a way that from henceforth he is to behave well and peacefully towards us and our people, and that he should stand trial in our court, if anyone wishes to speak against him about the premises or any of the premises. In testimony of which matter, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witnessed by me, myself, at Westminster on the 28th day of October in the fifth year of our reign. |
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People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25749 | William | Bergevenye | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25754 | Nicholas | Brembre | Male | Knight | 4395 | Go to participant page | ||
| 25746 | Robert | Broun | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25742 | Bartholomew | Brunne | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25753 | Stephen | Brunne | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25745 | Ralph | atte Castell | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25747 | John | Fox | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25751 | Nicholas | Leche | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25752 | John | Leycestre | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25748 | Gilbert | atte Merssh | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25743 | John | Norfolk | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25750 | Henry | Payn | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25744 | Edmund | Ridere | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page | |||
| 25741 | William | Trewman | Male | Brewer | 4395 | Go to participant page | ||
| 25740 | William | Walleworth | Male | 4395 | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4395 | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre | William Trewman, on Friday 14 June 1381, at Aldgate, London, arrested Nicholas Brembre, knight, riding with the lord king, and seized him there by the bridle of his horse, reproving him about injuries made to him at the time of his mayoralty. And at the same time the same William Trewman afterwards, on the same Friday, together with one captain of the said wrongdoers so insurging and other wrongdoers, etc, came to the house of the said Nicholas Brembre at 'le Riole', London, and made a great affray upon the same Nicholas there by power of the said captain and the other aforesaid wrongdoers, and on several occasions disquieted and threatened him there and his whole household, etc, constraining the same Nicholas then and there, on account of fear of these threats and for avoiding greater danger, to pay to the same William Trewman five marks. He produces a pardon and goes free. | Trespass to person: ambush,Trespass to person: threats,Warlike array and insurrection | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| William Bergevenye ( 25749 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Nicholas Brembre ( 25754 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Victim | |
| Robert Broun ( 25746 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Bartholomew Brunne ( 25742 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Stephen Brunne ( 25753 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Ralph atte Castell ( 25745 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| John Fox ( 25747 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Nicholas Leche ( 25751 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| John Leycestre ( 25752 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Gilbert atte Merssh ( 25748 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| John Norfolk ( 25743 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Henry Payn ( 25750 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| Edmund Ridere ( 25744 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Juror | |
| William Trewman ( 25741 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Accused | |
| William Walleworth ( 25740 ) | William Trewman attacks Nicholas Brembre (4395) | Mentioned |
