The People of 1381
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Source
| Type | Indictment by jury |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA KB 27/482 rex m. 27d |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| County | Hertfordshire |
| Text (English translation) | Herts. Before Robert Tresilian and his associates lately justices of the king appointed to hear and determine divers felonies, treasons, and other misdeeds in said county it was presented that John Tyler and others together with other malefactors and breakers of the king's peace on the Friday next before the Nativity of John the Baptist year as above treasonably assumed his royal power [proditorie accipiend' eis regale potestatem] against the king's peace, crown and dignity and treasonably broke and threw down a certain house of the abbot of St Albans at St Albans called le Thwerthonerhous, and it was said that the same John and others together with other malefactors the next Saturday following [i.e. the following day] treasonably broke and threw down the houses of Robert atte Chaumbre, Richard Screvayne and John Clerk at the said town of St Albans. And it was said that the said John and all the others on said Saturday treasonably broke the prison of the abbot of St Albans in the abbey of St Albans and took and led away all the prisoners. Which indictment the king had made among other things to come to be determined. And now the Tuesday after Animarum [commemoratio] in this term said John Tyler comes before King's Bench at Westminster by the bailiffs of the liberty of the abbot of St Albans of St Albans by virtue of a certain writ of the king directed to them to be committed to the Marshalsea. And at once led from the Marshalsea he comes and is questioned how he will acquit himself of the said felonies and treasons. He says that the king by his special grace by his letters patent presented in court had pardoned him of the felonies and treasons he had committed, in these words: [paraphrased] Richard by the grace of God king of England and France and Lord of Ireland to all his bailiffs and faithful men to whom this letter comes, greetings, lately in the months of May, June and July many excesses and insurrections were committed in various parts of the kingdom by very many [quamplures] of our people, incited by the devil, etc... by special grace pardons John Tyler of the town of St Albans of felonies or treasons during the insurrection, provided he is not a principal (rebel) in the said insurrection nor (involved) in the death of the venerable Father Simon, archbishop of Canterbury, or Brother Robert Hales, late prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, then our treasurer, or John de Cavendish late our chief justice, or in the burning of the manor of Savoy, or of the house of Clerkenwell, or the death of the prior of Bury (St Edmunds). So that he shall conduct himself good and peaceful against us and our people...; witnessed by me 23 October year 5 [1381] For this reason, he seeks to be released from the king's prison; and because the charter is within date etc. he goes without day by mainprise of Richard Walyngford of St Albans, Henry Cook of Berkhamsted, Richard Ware of same, and John Mordon of Woburn Chapel. Herts. Thomas Bynorthen of Redbourn was arrested at the town of St Albans by precept of Robert Tresilian and his fellows late justices of the king appointed to hear and determine divers felonies, treasons, and other misdeeds in said county on suspicion of treasonable insurrection against the king and his people at St Albans against his allegiance, and he was committed to the king's gaol in the liberty of the abbot of St Albans in St Albans in the custody of the abbot's bailiffs. And now Tuesday after the morrow of Animarum [commemoratio] in this term he comes before King's Bench at Westminster by the bailiffs of the liberty of the abbot of St Albans of St Albans by virtue of a certain writ of the king directed to them to be committed to the Marshalsea. And at once led from the Marshalsea he comes and is questioned how he will acquit himself of the said felonies and treasons. He says that the king by his special grace by his letters patent presented in court had pardoned him of the felonies and treasons he had committed, in these words: [paraphrased] Richard by the grace of God king of England and France and Lord of Ireland to all his bailiffs and faithful men to whom this letter comes, greetings, lately in the months of May, June and July many excesses and insurrections were committed in various parts of the kingdom by very many [quamplures] of our people, incited by the devil, etc... by special grace pardons Thomas be Northen of Redbourn of felonies or treasons during the insurrection, provided he is not a principal (rebel) in the said insurrection nor (involved) in the death of the venerable Father Simon, archbishop of Canterbury, or Brother Robert Hales, late prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, then our treasurer, or John de Cavendish late our chief justice, or in the burning of the manor of Savoy, or of the house of Clerkenwell, or the death of the prior of Bury (St Edmunds). So that he shall conduct himself good and peaceful against us and our people...; witnessed by me 23 October year 5 [1381] For this reason, he seeks to be released from the king's prison; and because the charter is within date etc. he goes without day by mainprise of Adam Ropere of St Albans, John Mordon of Woburn Chapel, Adam Ropere of St Albans [sic], and William Elys of Redbourn. |
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People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23872 | Thomas | Bynorthen | Male | Redbourn,Hertfordshire | 4152 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23864 | Robert | atte Chaumbre | Male | 4151 | Go to participant page | |||
| 23866 | John | Clerk | Male | 4151 | Go to participant page | |||
| 23869 | Henry | Cook | Male | Berkhamsted,Hertfordshire | 4151 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23874 | William | Elys | Male | Redbourn,Hertfordshire | 4152 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23863 | Thomas | de la Mare | Male | Abbot | Abbey of St Albans,St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4152,4151 | Go to participant page | |
| 23871 | John | Mordon | Male | Woburn,Bedfordshire | 4151,4152 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23873 | Adam | Ropere | Male | St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4152 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23865 | Richard | Screvayne | Male | 4151 | Go to participant page | |||
| 23862 | John | Tyler | Male | 4151 | Go to participant page | |||
| 23868 | Richard | Walyngford | Male | St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4151 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23870 | Richard | Ware | Male | Berkhamsted,Hertfordshire | 4151 | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4151 | John Tyler rises up at St Albans | John Tyler and others rose up on Friday 21 June 1381 and threw down a house belonging to the abbot of St Albans called 'le Thwerthonerhous', and on Saturday 22 June 1381 they threw down the houses of Robert atte Chaumbre, Richard Screvayne and John Clerk at St Albans, and broke the prison of the abbot of St Albans and led out the prisoners. John Tyler is led from the Marshalsea before the king's bench and produces a pardon under the general amnesty; he is mainprised and released. | Trespass to land: throwing down of house,Breach of prison | Go to incidents page |
| 4152 | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans | Thomas Bynorthen was arrested at St Albans on suspicion of treasonable insurrection and was committed to the custody of the bailiffs of the abbot of St Albans. He is led from the Marshalsea before the king's bench and produces a pardon under the general amnesty; he is mainprised and released. | Raising the commons: other | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| John de Cambridge ( 19937 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mentioned | |
| John de Cavendish ( 10740 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mentioned | |
| Robert atte Chaumbre ( 23864 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Victim | |
| John Clerk ( 23866 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Victim | |
| Henry Cook ( 23869 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mainpernor | |
| Robert Hales ( 6778 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mentioned | |
| Thomas de la Mare ( 23863 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Victim | |
| John Mordon ( 23871 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mainpernor | |
| Richard Screvayne ( 23865 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Victim | |
| Simon Sudbury ( 6098 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mentioned | |
| John Tyler ( 23862 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Accused | |
| Richard Walyngford ( 23868 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mainpernor | |
| Richard Ware ( 23870 ) | John Tyler rises up at St Albans (4151) | Mainpernor | |
| Thomas Bynorthen ( 23872 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Accused | |
| John de Cambridge ( 19937 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mentioned | |
| John de Cavendish ( 10740 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mentioned | |
| William Elys ( 23874 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mainpernor | |
| Robert Hales ( 6778 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mentioned | |
| Thomas de la Mare ( 23863 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mentioned | |
| John Mordon ( 23871 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mainpernor | |
| Adam Ropere ( 23873 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mainpernor | |
| Simon Sudbury ( 6098 ) | Thomas Bynorthen rises up at St Albans (4152) | Mentioned |
