The People of 1381
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Source
| Type | Indictment by jury |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA KB 27/482 rex m. 27 |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| County | Hertfordshire |
| Text (English translation) | Herts. Before Robert Tresilian and his fellows late justices of the king appointed to hear and determine divers felonies, treasons, and other misdeeds in said county it was presented that John Wayt of St Albans (Herts) treasonably rose up the Friday after Corpus Christi 4 Richard II at the town of St Albans with the community of the town who were rising up against the king there against their allegiance etc, and they said that they would not have their purpose until they had thrown down all manors (manor houses) of the abbey existing around the abbey and in the middle of the abbey. Which indictment the king had made among other things to come to be determined. And now Monday after the morrow of Animarum [commemoratio] in this term John Wayt comes before King's Bench at Westminster by the bailiffs of the liberty of the abbot of St Albans of St Albans by virtue of a certain writ of the king directed to them to be committed to the Marshalsea. And at once led from the Marshalsea he comes and is questioned how he will acquit himself of the said felonies and treasons. He says that the king by his special grace by his letters patent presented in court had pardoned him of the felonies and treasons he had committed, in these words: [paraphrased] Richard by the grace of God king of England and France and Lord of Ireland to all his bailiffs and faithful men to whom this letter comes, greetings, lately in the months of May, June and July many excesses and insurrections were committed in various parts of the kingdom by very many [quamplures] of our people, incited by the devil, etc... by special grace pardons John Wayt of St Albans of felonies or treasons during the insurrection, provided he is not a principal (rebel) in the said insurrection nor (involved) in the death of the venerable Father Simon, archbishop of Canterbury, or Brother Robert Hales, late prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, then our treasurer, or John de Cavendish late our chief justice, or in the burning of the manor of Savoy, or of the house of Clerkenwell, or the death of the prior of Bury (St Edmunds). So that he shall conduct himself good and peaceful against us and our people...; witnessed by me 28 October year 5 [1381] For this reason, he seeks to be released from the king's prison; and because the charter is within date etc. he goes without day by mainprise of John Brewere of St Albans, John Lanton of the same, Adam Stonham of same, and John Stoke of same. Herts. Before Robert Tresilian and his fellows late justices of the king appointed to hear and determine divers felonies, treasons, and other misdeeds in said county it was presented that Gilbert Taillour of St Albans (Herts) the Friday after Corpus Christi 4 Richard II rose up treasonably at St Albans with a wicked company (communitate iniqua) as enemies of the king against the king and his crown and their allegiance, and he said that if one man for the insurrection was killed then the manors of the abbot of St Albans would be burned and the abbey thrown down (et dixit quod si quis homo mortuus fuerit pro surectione quod tunc maneria Abbatis de Sancto Albano comburarentur et abbatia predicta esset prosternata). Which indictment the king had made among other things to come to be determined. And now Monday after the morrow of Animarum [commemoratio] in this term Gilbert Taillour comes before King's Bench at Westminster by the bailiffs of the liberty of the abbot of St Albans of St Albans by virtue of a certain writ of the king directed to them to be committed to the Marshalsea. And at once led from the Marshalsea he comes and is questioned how he will acquit himself of the said felonies and treasons. He says that the king by his special grace by his letters patent presented in court had pardoned him, by the name of Gilbert Beel Taillour of St Albans, of the felonies and treasons he had committed, in these words: [paraphrased] Richard by the grace of God king of England and France and Lord of Ireland to all his bailiffs and faithful men to whom this letter comes, greetings, lately in the months of May, June and July many excesses and insurrections were committed in various parts of the kingdom by very many (quamplures) of our people, incited by the devil, etc... by special grace pardons Gilbert Beel Taillour of St Albans of felonies or treasons during the insurrection, provided he is not a principal (rebel) in the said insurrection nor (involved) in the death of the venerable Father Simon, archbishop of Canterbury, or Brother Robert Hales, late prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, then our treasurer, or John de Cavendish late our chief justice, or in the burning of the manor of Savoy, or of the house of Clerkenwell, or the death of the prior of Bury (St Edmunds). So that he shall conduct himself good and peaceful against us and our people...; witnessed by me 28 October year 5 [1381] For this reason, he seeks to be released from the king's prison; and because the charter is within date etc. he goes without day by mainprise of John Brewere of St Albans, John Lanton of the same, Adam Stonham of same, and John Stoke of same. |
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People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23855 | John | Brewere | Male | St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4150,4149 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23856 | John | Lanton | Male | St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4149,4150 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23861 | Thomas | de la Mare | Male | Abbot | Abbey of St Albans,St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4149,4150 | Go to participant page | |
| 23857 | John | Stoke | Male | St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4150,4149 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23859 | Adam | Stonham | Male | 4150,4149 | Go to participant page | |||
| 23858 | Gilbert | Taillour | Male | St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4150 | Go to participant page | ||
| 23854 | John | Wayt | Male | St Albans,Hertfordshire | 4149 | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4150 | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans | Gilbert Taillour rose up at St Albans with a wicked company on Friday 14 June 1381, and said that if one man was killed then the manors of the abbot of St Albans would be burnt and the abbey thrown down. He was led from the Marshalsea by the bailiffs of the liberty of the abbey and brought before the king's bench. He produces a pardon under the general amnesty; he is released and mainprised. | Trespass to land: throwing down of house,Arson: burning of houses,Trespass to person: threats | Go to incidents page |
| 4149 | John Wayt rises up at St Albans | John Wayt rose up at St Albans with the community of that town on Friday 14 June 1381, and threw down the manor houses of the abbey of St Albans. He was led from the Marshalsea by the bailiffs of the liberty of the abbey and brought before the king's bench. He produces a pardon under the general amnesty; he is released and mainprised. | Trespass to land: throwing down of house,Raising the commons: other | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Brewere ( 23855 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Mainpernor | |
| John de Cambridge ( 19937 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Mentioned | |
| John de Cavendish ( 10740 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Mentioned | |
| Robert Hales ( 6778 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Mentioned | |
| John Lanton ( 23856 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Mainpernor | |
| Thomas de la Mare ( 23861 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Victim | |
| John Stoke ( 23857 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Mainpernor | |
| Adam Stonham ( 23859 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Accused | |
| Simon Sudbury ( 6098 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Mentioned | |
| Gilbert Taillour ( 23858 ) | Gilbert Taillour rises up St Albans (4150) | Accused | |
| John Brewere ( 23855 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mainpernor | |
| John de Cambridge ( 19937 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mentioned | |
| John de Cavendish ( 10740 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mentioned | |
| Robert Hales ( 6778 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mentioned | |
| John Lanton ( 23856 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mainpernor | |
| Thomas de la Mare ( 23861 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Victim | |
| John Stoke ( 23857 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mainpernor | |
| Adam Stonham ( 23859 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mainpernor | |
| Simon Sudbury ( 6098 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Mentioned | |
| John Wayt ( 23854 ) | John Wayt rises up at St Albans (4149) | Accused |
