People of 1381 Database

The People of 1381

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Source


Type	Indictment by jury
Unique Identifying Text	TNA KB 27/483 rex m. 26
Archive name	The National Archives (London)
County	Essex
Published source (may be more than one)	E. Powell and G. M. Trevelyan, The Peasants' Rising and the Lollards (London, 1899), pp. 17-18 [part transcript] J. A. Sparvel-Bayley, 'Essex in Insurrection, 1381', TEAS 1 (1878), pp. 214-15 [part translation] R. B. Dobson, The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 (London, 2nd edn, 1983), pp. 148-9 [part translation]
Text in Original Language	Essex. Memorand' quod Galfridus Martyn clericus de corona domini Regis in cancellaria sua ex mandate Ricardi Scroop cancellar' domini Regis liberavit hic in curia quoddam recordum in hec verba. - Ricardus dei gratia Rex Anglie et Francie et dominus Hibernie dilecto sibi Roberto de Neuton nuper locum tenenti Adam de Buxhill nuper constabular' Turris nostre London' salutem. Volentes certis de causis certiorari ob quam causam Iohannes Hermare et Nicholus Gromond de Haveryng in prisona nostra Turris predicte sub custodia tua detenti fuerunt et qualiter et quo modo illuc missi fuerunt ibidem custodiend' ut dict' tibi principius quod nos inde in cancellar' nostra sub sigillo tuo distincte et aperte sine dilatione reddas certiores hoc littere nobis remittentes. Teste me ipso apud Westminster xv die Ffebruarii anno regni nunc quinto - Indorsamentum euisdem litteris tale est. - Causa captionis Iohannis Hermare et Nicholi Gromond patet in cedula hinc litteri annexa.- Iohannes Hermare et Nicholus Gromond de Haveryng atte Boure capti fuerunt apud Guldeford pro eo quod iidem Iohannes et Nicholus die domenica proxima post festum Corpus Christi insurrexerunt cum magna multitudine gentium de comitatu Essexie et venerunt ad domum Willelmi West apud Clendon et ibidem pro timore ipsorum et sociorum suorum apud Kyngeston prout dixerunt essencium fecerunt predictum Willelmum facere predicto Iohanni quandam obligationem viginti librarum sterlingorum sub condicione quod solverent predicto Iohanni decem liras in festo Sancti Pauli Advincula et pro eo quod testificatum est in patria quod predicti Iohannes et Nicholus recognoverunt in presencia multorum tam apud Clendon quam apud Guldeford quod ipsi fuerunt primi qui insurrexerunt in comitatu Essexie et quod fuerunt primi qui venerunt ad la Savoye ibidem fregerunt dolia vini et alia mala quamplurima fecerunt. Et predicti Iohannes et Nicholus causa predicta in gaola de Guldeford sub custodia vicecomiti Surrey detenti fuerunt si aliqui Iusticiarii de huiusmodo insurrecionem inquirere vellent. - Per Recorda de anno quinto. - per quod preceptum est constabular' Turris predict' quod corpora prefat' Iohannis Hermare et Nicholi Gromond habeat coram domino Rege apud Westminster die sabati in festo Sancti Petri in cathedra et co. - Ad quem diem Thomas Morieux constabular' et co misit coram domini Rege corpotra prefat' Iohannis Hermare et Nicholis qui comittitur maris'. Et statim per Maris' ducti veniunt et dic' seperatim quod dominmus Rex de gratia sua specialiter perdonavit eis seperatim sectam pacis sue que ad ipsum pertinent pro omnimodis felon' et proditionibus exceptis et co per litteras suas patentes quas profert hic in curia videlicet predictus Iohannes Hermare in hec verba. ... [pardon for John Hermare for all felonies and treasons, except participation in the deaths of Sudbury, Hales and Cavendish; dated 20 December 1381] Et predictus Nicholus Gromond in hec verba. ... [pardon for Nicholas Hermare for all felonies and treasons, except participation in the deaths of Sudbury, Hales and Cavendish; dated 20 December 1381] Proferunt eciam seperatim diversa littera domini Regis clausa Iustic' hic direct' de non molestando prefat' Iohannem et Nicholum contra tenores literarum domini Regis predictarum quorum quidem brevium dat sunt apud Westminster vicesimo die Ianuar' anno regem Regis Ricardi quinto quequidem brevia affilantt' inter recorda de isto eodem anno - Quarum pretextu iidem Iohannes et Nicholus petunt ipsos a prisona domini Regis deliberi. Et super hoc veniunt Stephanus Martyn Taillour Willelmus Romeseye Taillour Iohannes Clerk Ffisshmongere et Iohannes Rede Draper omnes de London et manu' predictis Iohannem Hermare et Nicholum Gromond habendo corpora eorum coram domino Rege cum rationabilter premuniti finit' si contingat ipsos i posterium de huismodi felon' et proditionibus impetiri et co. Et super hoc inspectis litteris predictis consideratum est quod predicti Iohannes Hermere et Nicholus Gromond quo ad permissa eant sine die et co. [sine die; in margin]
Text (English translation)	Essex. Be it remembered that Geoffrey Martyn, clerk of the crown in chancery, by order of the chancellor Richard Scrope delivered into the court a certain record in the following words: Richard by God's grace King of England and France and lord of Ireland greets his beloved Robert de Neuton lately lieutenant of Alan de Buxhull, late constable of the Tower of London, greeting. For as much as concerning certain causes we wish to be informed of the reason why John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering(-atte-Bower) were detained in our prison at the said Tower under your custody and how and in what way they were sent their to be guarded. Therefore, we order you to return the information to our chancery clear and openly and without delay under your seal, together with this writ. Witnessed by myself at Westminster, 15 February 1382. - The endorsement of the writ is as such. - The cause of the capture of John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond appears in the schedule attached to this writ. John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering-atte-Bower were captured at Guildford because on the Sunday after Corpus Christi [16 June 1381] the same John and Nicholas rose with a great multitude of people of the county of Essex and came to the house of William West at Clandon; and there they made the said William - for fear of themselves and of their associates whom they alleged were at Kingston - enter into a bond to the said John of £20 sterling on condition he that he should pay the said John £10 on the feast of St Peter in chains [1 August 1381]. And (they were captured) because it was testified in the country that they had acknowledged, in the presence of many persons on the said Sunday both at Clandon and at Guildford, that they were the first who rose up in the aforesaid county of Essex and that they were the first who came to the Savoy where they broke casks of wine and committed many other evil deeds. And the said John and Nicholas were detained in the goal of the lord king in Guildford by the sheriff of Surrey ... Order to the constable of the Tower to have the bodies of the aforesaid John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond at Westminster on Saturday on the feast of St Peter in cathedra [22 February 1382]. At which day Thomas Morieux constable etc. sent John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond before the King's Bench and were committed to the Marshalsea. And at once led from the Marshalsea they come and say separately that the lord king in his special grace has pardoned and extended his peace to them for every kind of felonies and treasons except etc. They produce letter patents (of the pardons) in court. [The pardons are recited separately; first John Hermare's and then Nicholas Gromond's; both pardons are dated 20 December 1381] They also present each separately of divers writs by the lord king to justices not to molest the aforesaid John and Nicholas [i.e. letters of protection] ... [paraphrasing: The letters are dated 21 January 1382; John and Nicholas request to be released from prison on the basis of these letters] And upon this Stephen Martyn, tailor, William Romeseye, tailor, John Clerk, fishmonger, and John Rede, draper, all of London, appear and pledge to have the bodies of the said John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond before the King's Bench. [paraphrasing: in case they misbehave in future; upon this they are allowed to go free].
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People

ID	First name	Last name	Gender	Occupation	Domicile	Role in source	Incidents	Go to participant page
19946	Alan	de Buxhull	Male	Constable	London	Mentioned		Go to participant page
19952	John	de Cavendish	Male	Justice		Mentioned		Go to participant page
19955	John	Clerk	Male	Fishmonger	London	Mainpernor		Go to participant page
19945	Nicholas	Gromond	Male		Havering-atte-Bower,Liberty of Havering,Essex		3871	Go to participant page
19951	Robert	Hales	Male	Prior of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England,Treasurer		Mentioned		Go to participant page
19944	John	Hermare	Male		Havering-atte-Bower,Liberty of Havering,Essex		3871	Go to participant page
19942	Geoffrey	Martyn	Male	Clerk		Mentioned		Go to participant page
19953	Stephen	Martyn	Male	Tailor	London	Mainpernor		Go to participant page
19948	Thomas	Morieux	Male	Constable	London	Mentioned		Go to participant page
19947	Robert	de Neuton	Male	sub-constable	London	Mentioned		Go to participant page
19956	John	Rede	Male	Draper	London	Mainpernor		Go to participant page
19954	William	Romeseye	Male	Tailor	London	Mainpernor		Go to participant page
19943	Richard	Scrope	Male	Chancellor		Mentioned		Go to participant page
19950	Simon	Sudbury	Male	Archbishop of Canterbury,Chancellor		Mentioned		Go to participant page
19949	William	West	Male		West Clandon,Surrey		3871	Go to participant page

Incidents

ID	Summary	Description	Type	Go to incidents page
3871	John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering atte Bower take part in attack on Savoy and extort money in Clandon.	John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering atte Bower (Essex) take part in attack on the Savoy palace in London and extort £20 from John West in Clandon (Surrey).	Joining rebel company,Threats to raise commons,Trespass to person: extortion,Trespass to chattels: destruction of goods	Go to incidents page

Incidents and People

Person	Incident	Role	Comments
John of Gaunt ( 5695 )	John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering atte Bower take part in attack on Savoy and extort money in Clandon. (3871)	Victim
Nicholas Gromond ( 19945 )	John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering atte Bower take part in attack on Savoy and extort money in Clandon. (3871)	Accused	pardon dated 20 December 1381
John Hermare ( 19944 )	John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering atte Bower take part in attack on Savoy and extort money in Clandon. (3871)	Accused	pardon dated 20 December 1381
William West ( 19949 )	John Hermare and Nicholas Gromond of Havering atte Bower take part in attack on Savoy and extort money in Clandon. (3871)	Victim

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