The People of 1381
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Source
| Type | Indictment by jury |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA JUST 1/103 m. 2d |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| County | Cambridgeshire |
| Published source (may be more than one) | Extracts printed in W. Palmer, 'Records of the Villein Insurrection in Cambridgeshire', East Anglian, n.s., vi (1896). Discussed in Powell, Rising in East Anglia, pp. 41-56. |
| Text in Original Language | Placita tenta apud Novum Mercatum in comitatu Cantabrigie die mercurii proxima post festum apostolorum Petri et Pauli anno Regni Regis Ricardi secundi quinto. Adhuc iurati de hundredo de Stane dicunt quod Iohannes Malt de Wilburham die dominica proxima post festum Corporis Christi anno domini Regis nunc quarto fuit concensiens cum societate malefactorum ignotorum ad prosternendum et tractandum domos Willelmi Malt apud Wilburham Magnam et meremium domorum predictarum ac x oves ipsius Willelmi ibidem inventi cepit et abduxit contra pacem et co. et ad dampnum predicti Willelmi xx li. et co. Item dicunt quod Robertus Lowyn de Reche simul cum Petro le Eyr de Thrillowe Parva fuit capitalis malefactorum et principalis congregator noctanter et per diem et domos Thome de Swaffham apud Reche die et anno supradictis spoliavit et braseum et alia bona et catalla ibidem inventa ad valenciam x li. cepit et asportavit contra pacem. Et quod idem Robertus cum predicto Petro minatus fuit Agnetam uxorem Thome de Swaffham et Thomam filium eiusdem per quod fugierunt ad dampnum xl li. et co. Et predicti Iohannes Malt et Robertus Lowyn capti sunt. Qui veniant et separatim de predictis articulis allocuti sunt qualiter et co. Qui dicunt separatim quod inde non culpabile sunt. Et de hoc ponunt se super patriam et co. Et super hoc capta est inde iurat' per xii liberos homines et co. Qui ad hoc electi iurati et triati scilicet apud Cantabrigiam die lune proxima post festum Translationis Sancti Thome Martiris anno domini Regis nunc quinto. Et dicunt super sacramentum suum quod predicti Iohannes Malt et Robertus Lowyn in nullo sunt culpabile de premissis sibi impositis. Ideo eant inde quieti. Et proclamacione fact' si quis aliquid et co. versus eos et co. et nulla venit et co. Et ipsi invenerunt securitate de bene gerendo versus dominum Regem et populum scilicet Iohannem Smyth de Wilburham Iohannem Rogger Galfridum Porter et Iohannem Hamerton et co. Et predicti Iohannes Malt et Robertus Lowyn iurati sunt prout et co. Et quia predictis Petrus le Eyr indictatus est de eisdem unde Robertus Lowyn et ut supra acquietatus est co. et nondum captus est nec venit et alias vice' retornavit quod predictus Petrus non fuit inventus in balliva sua. Et questum est a prefato vic' si idem Petrus retraxit se occasione felonariam predictarum nec ne. Et testatum est per vicecom' et per alios ministros Regis ad hoc requisites quod sic scilicet statim post feloniam factus eo quod est de Parva Thrillowe in comitatu Suffolchie et quod nulla habet terras nec tenementa bona seu catalla in comitatu Cantabrigie que domino Rege forisfacere poterit. Ideo sic pruis preceptum est vic' Cantabregium quod capiat eum si et co. et salva et co. Et quod habeat corpus eius coram prefatis assignatis apud Cantabrigiam die sabati in festo Sancti Bartholomei Apostoli anno quinto ad respondum de feloniis predictis. Et quod vice' interim diligenter inquirat de terries et tenementis bonis et catallis et seisire facta et inde distincte et aperte ad prefatum tunc certificet et co. Et postea per xii iurati de hundredo de Radfelde et Chevele present' est quod idem Petrus die sabati proxima post festum Corporis Christi anno quarto clausum Thome de Swaffham apud Rech fregit et frumentum et braseum illum inventa ad valenciam xx s. cepit et asportavit contra pacem. Et ipsi non venit ut supra. Ad quem diem sabati vicecom' retornavit quod predictus Petrus non fuit inventus in balliva sua post recepcionem precept'. Et quo ad inquirendum et seisendum terras et tenementa bona et catalla prout superius precipiter retornavit quod Radulfus atte Wyk escaetor' domini Regis diu ante recepcionem precept' sui ei seis' per supervisum et contrarotul' Simonis de Burgh virtute brevis domini Regis ad hoc ei inde direct' prout ad presens sibi constare potest. Et ideo nichil per se ulterius de articuli et propter temporis brevitatem et co. Et idem Petrus solempniter exactus est et non venit. Ideo preceptum est vicecom' quod exigi' facta eum de comitatu in comitatum quousque et co. utlaget' et co. si non comperverint et co. et si et co. tunc enim capiat et co. Et quod habeat corpus eius coram prefatis Iustic' apud Cantabrigiam die mercurii proxima post festum Epiphania domini proximo futuro ad respondum domino Regis de premissis et co. Et predicti vic' habeat tunc breve de exigend' et co. Iurati dicunt quod Iohannes Bokeden quondam serviens Iohannis Harveys die sabati proxima post festum Corporis Christi anno quarto nunc apud Ditton Valence simul cum aliis ignotis clausum Henrici Englissh fregit et bona et catalla sua ad valenciam xl s. cepit et asportavit contra pacem. Item dicunt quod Willelmus Sharp taverner die sabati proxima post festum Corporis Christi anno idem Regis nunc quarto venit vi et armis apud Novum Mercatum et clausum Iohannis de Ikelyngham ibidem intravit contra pacem et Katrinam uxorem ipsius Iohannis minatus fuit graviter quousque finem fecit per iv marc' iniuste et per extorcionem et contra pacem. Et quod idem Willelmus die et anno predictis cum pluribus aliis ignotis venit vi et armis apud Sneylwell et ibidem cepit i carectam et iii equos in eadem iniunctos precii xl s. ibidem inventa de Willelmo Malt cepit et abduxit contra pacem domini Regis. Item dicunt quod Thomas Roo de Wodeditton fuit sumonitor in hundredo de Chevelee et Radefelt et omnes homines minatus fuit de vita et membris et incendio domorum suarum fingend' illud esse mandatum et voluntat' domini Regis nisi insurgere volueruit cum communis. Et sic die Iovis in festo Corporis Christi anno iiito et per vi dies ante et post continuavit in preiudicium domini Regis et populi suum predictas et minas. Item dicunt quod Robertus Turveye de Brynkelee die sabati proxima post festum Corporis Christi anno quarto voluntarie sine minis vite aut membrorum clausum Henrici Englyssh apud Ditton Valence fregit et iv porcos precii dimidie marce ibidem inventos vi et armis cepit et abduxit et co. Et alias preceptum fuit vic' quod caperet omnes predictos Iohannen Bokeden Willelmi Sharp taverner Thomam Roo et Robertum Turveye si et co. et salvo et co. Et quod haberet corpora eorum coram prefatis assignatis apud Cantabrigiam die sabati proxima post festum Sancti Petri Advincula tunc proximo future ad respondum seperatim domino Rege de articulis predictis super ipsos present' [...]. Ad quem diem vic' retornavit quod ipsi non fuerunt inventa in balliva sua et co. Et quesitum est a prefato vic' si predictis Iohannem Willelmi Thomam et Robertum retraxerunt se occasione feloniarum predictarum nec ne. Et testif' est [...] al' ministros Regis ad hoc requistos quod sic scilicet statim post felon' fact'. Et super hoc [...] fact' ut ipsi venirent et reddent se paci domini Regis ad standum recto sub pena forisfacere [...]at' suorum exit' terrarum et tenementorum suorum et co. Et nullus eorum ven'. Ideo forisfact' sunt per discrecionem [...] dom' Reg' levand'. Et preceptum est Esc' scilicet Radulphus atte Wyke quod inde fac' debita [...]. Et preceptum est vic' sicut prius quod capiat eos et co. et salvo et co. Item quod hab' [...] apud Cant' die sabati in festo Sancti Bartholomei Apostoli ad respondum et co. [...] plus de dictorum in rot' viiii. |
| Text (English translation) | Pleas held at Newmarket in the county of Cambridge on Wednesday 3rd July 1381. Jurors of the hundred of Staine say that John Malt of Wilbraham on Sunday 16th June 1381 was an accomplice of the society of unknown wrongdoers in the tearing and dragging down of the houses of William Malt at Great Wilbraham, and took and carried off the timbers of the aforesaid houses along with ten sheep, against the peace and to the damage of £20 to the said William. And they say that Robert Lowyn of Reach along with Peter le Eyr of Little Thurlow was a leader of wrongdoers and chief congregator by night and by day at the houses of Thomas de Swaffham at Reach, and he despoiled him on the aforesaid day and came upon malt and other goods and chattels worth £10 and carried them away against the king's peace. And that the same Robert with the aforesaid Peter made threats to Agnes wife of Thomas de Swaffham and Thomas his son, whereby they fled, to the damage of £40. And the aforesaid John Malt and Robert Lowyn have been arrested, and they come and are questioned separately as to how they wished to acquit themselves. They say separately that they are not guilty and place themselves upon their country. And on this come twelve free men, elected, sworn and tried, namely at Cambridge on Monday 8th July 1381, and they say upon their oath that the aforesaid John Malt and Robert Lowyn are not guilty of the crimes of which they are accused, therefore they go acquitted. And a proclamation is made if anyone has anything against them, and no-one comes. And pledges come for their good behaviour regarding the king and his people, namely John Smyth of Wilbraham, John Rogger, Geoffrey Porter and John Hamerton. And the aforesaid John Malt and Robert Lowyn are sworn. And because the aforesaid Peter le Eyr is indicted for the same as Robert Lowyn, who is acquitted as above, and [Peter] has not been arrested and does not come, and previously the sheriff returned that the aforesaid Peter was not found in his jurisdiction. And it is asked of the aforesaid sheriff whether the same Peter can be retrieved for the aforesaid felonies or not. And it is testified by the sheriff and by other ministers of the king as necessary, that namely, immediately after the felony was committed [Peter] was of Little Thurlow in in the county of Suffolk, and that he has no lands, tenements, goods or chattels in the county of Cambridgeshire that the king is able to seize. Thus it is ordered to the sheriff of Cambridge that he should be arrested and is to appear before the aforesaid assigned at Cambridge on Saturday 24th August 1381 to answer for the aforesaid felonies And that in the meantime the sheriff is to diligently inquire into his lands, tenements, goods and chattels and seize them, and this clearly and openly as is certified aforesaid. Afterwards it was presented by twelve jurors of the hundreds of Radfield and Cheveley, that the same Peter [le Eyr] on Saturday 15th June 1381 broke into the close of Thomas de Swaffham at Reach, and took away corn and malt to the value of 20s., against the peace. And he does not come, as above. On which day the sheriff returned that the aforesaid Peter was not found in his jurisdiction after his recovery was ordered. Therefore in the inquiry into and seizing of his lands, tenements, goods and chattels as ordered above, it is returned that Ralph atte Wyk, king's escheator, before his recovery was ordered, seized the same under supervision of and counter-rolled by Simon de Burgh by virtue of the king's writ as necessary sent to him just as at present he is able to ascertain. And nothing of itself further than this has been done at the time of the writ. And the same Peter is summoned with due process and do not appear. Thus it is ordered to the sheriff that writs of exigent and capias be issued against him from county to county, and unless he appears, namely, he is arrested, he is to be outlawed. And he is to appear before the aforesaid justices at Cambridge on Wednesday 9th January 1382 to answer to the king on the charges. And the sheriff has a writ of exigent. The jurors say that John Bokeden, onetime servant of John Harveys, on Saturday 15th June 1381 at Ditton Valence along with others unknown broke into the close of Henry Englissh and took and carried away chattels worth 40 s., against the peace. They say that William Sharp, taverner, on Saturday 15th June 1381 went with force and arms to Newmarket and entered the close of John de Ikelyngham against the peace, and gravely threatened Katrina wife of the same John, unless she made a fine of 4 marks, unjustly and by extortion and against the peace. And that the same William on the aforesaid day with many others unknown went with force and arms to Snailwell and there took a cart and three horses attached to the same worth 40 s. belonging to William Malt, and took it away against the king's peace. They say that Thomas Roo of Woodditton was a convener in the hundreds of Cheveley and Radfield and threatened the life and limb of all men and the burning of their houses, falsely claiming to act at the order and will of the king, unless [each man] wishes to rise up with the commons. And thus on Thursday 13th June 1381 and for six days before and after he continued with the aforesaid threats, in prejudice of the king and his people. They say that Robert Turveye of Brinkley on Saturday 15th June 1381 voluntarily and without threat to life and limb broke into the close of Henry Englissh at Ditton Valence with force and arms and took away four pigs worth half a mark. And subsequently it was ordered to the sheriff that all those aforesaid, John Bokeden, William Sharp, Thomas Roo and Robert Turveye should be arrested, and that they should appear before the assigned justices at Cambridge on Saturday 3rd August 1381 to answer separately to the king on the charges presented against them aforesaid. On which day the sheriff returns that they are not found in his jurisdiction. And it is asked of the aforesaid sheriff whether the aforesaid John, William, Thomas and Robert have been retrieved or not for the aforesaid felonies. And it is testified by [the sheriff] and other ministers of the king as necessary, namely, immediately after the felony was committed. And on this it is ordered that they should come and return themselves to the king's peace to stand lawfully under penalty of forfeiture of [...] and ejection from their lands and tenements. And they do not come. Thus their property is forfeit, it is ordered to Ralph atte Wyk, king's escheator, to carry this out. And it is ordered to the sheriff just as before to arrest them, and they should appear before the justices at Cambridge on Saturday 24th August 1381 to answer [...]. More on this in roll 9. |
| General Information | Further process on these individuals on m. 8 |
| Image of Source |  |
People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16284 | John | Bokeden | Male | Servant | 3518 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16283 | Simon | de Burgh | Male | Escheator | Escheator | Go to participant page | ||
| 16286 | Henry | Englissh | Male | Woodditton,Cambridgeshire | 3521,3518 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16274 | Peter | le Eyr | Male | Little Thurlow,Suffolk | 3517 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16281 | John | Hamerton | Male | Mainpernor | Go to participant page | |||
| 16285 | John | Harveys | Male | 3518 | Go to participant page | |||
| 16288 | John | de Ikelyngham | Male | Newmarket,Cambridgeshire | 3519 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16289 | Katrina | de Ikelyngham | Female | Newmarket,Cambridgeshire | 3519 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16273 | Robert | Lowyn | Male | Reach,Cambridgeshire | 3517 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16271 | John | Malt | Male | Great Wilbraham,Cambridgeshire | 3515 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16272 | William | Malt | Male | Great Wilbraham,Cambridgeshire | 3515,3519 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16280 | Geoffrey | Porter | Male | Mainpernor | Go to participant page | |||
| 16279 | John | Rogger | Male | Mainpernor | Go to participant page | |||
| 16290 | Thomas | Roo | Male | Woodditton,Cambridgeshire | 3520 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16287 | William | Sharp | Male | Taverner | 3519 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16278 | John | Smyth | Male | Great Wilbraham,Cambridgeshire | Mainpernor | Go to participant page | ||
| 16276 | Agnes | de Swaffham | Female | 3517 | Go to participant page | |||
| 16275 | Thomas | de Swaffham | Male | Reach,Cambridgeshire | 3517 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16277 | Thomas | de Swaffham | Male | Reach,Cambridgeshire | 3517 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16291 | Robert | Turveye | Male | Brinkley,Radfield Hundred,Cambridgeshire | 3521 | Go to participant page | ||
| 16282 | Ralph | atte Wyk | Male | Escheator | Escheator | Go to participant page | ||
| 16292 | Ralph | atte Wyk | Male | Escheator | Escheator | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3518 | John Bokeden breaks the close of Henry Englissh | The jurors say that John Bokeden, onetime servant of John Harveys, on Saturday 15th June 1381 at Ditton Valence along with others unknown broke into the close of Henry Englissh and took and carried away chattels worth 40 s., against the peace. | Trespass to land: forcible entry of close and houses,Larceny: theft of goods | Go to incidents page |
| 3515 | John Malt aids in the tearing down of the properties of William Malt | Jurors of the hundred of Staine say that John Malt of Wilbraham on Sunday 16th June 1381 was an accomplice of the society of unknown wrongdoers in the tearing and dragging down of the houses of William Malt at Great Wilbraham, and took and carried off the timbers of the aforesaid houses along with ten sheep, against the peace and to the damage of £20 to the said William. | Larceny: theft of livestock,Trespass to land: throwing down of house,Larceny: theft of goods,Trespass to chattels: removal of goods | Go to incidents page |
| 3517 | Robert Lowyn and Peter le Eyr despoil Thomas de Swaffham and threaten his family | [The jurors] also say that Robert Lowyn of Reach along with Peter le Eyr of Little Thurlow was a leader of wrongdoers and chief congregator by night and by day at the houses of Thomas de Swaffham at Reach, and he despoiled him on the aforesaid day and came upon malt and other goods and chattels worth £10 and carried them away against the king's peace. And that the same Robert with the aforesaid Peter made threats to Agnes wife of Thomas de Swaffham and Thomas his son, whereby they fled, to the damage of £40. | Larceny: theft of goods,Trespass to person: threats,Trespass to chattels: removal of goods | Go to incidents page |
| 3521 | Robert Turveye steals from Henry Englissh | They [the jurors] say that Robert Turveye of Brinkley on Saturday 15th June 1381 voluntarily and without threat to life and limb broke into the close of Henry Englissh at Ditton Valence with force and arms and took away four pigs worth half a mark. | Larceny: theft of livestock | Go to incidents page |
| 3520 | Thomas Roo raises the commons of Cheveley and Radfield | They [the jurors] say that Thomas Roo of Woodditton was a convener in the hundreds of Cheveley and Radfield and threatened the life and limb of all men and the burning of their houses, falsely claiming to act at the order and will of the king, unless [each man] wishes to rise up with the commons. And thus on Thursday 13th June 1381 and for six days before and after he continued with the aforesaid threats, in prejudice of the king and his people. | Raising the commons: forcing others to join company,Trespass to person: threats | Go to incidents page |
| 3519 | William Sharp threatens John de Ikelyngham and steals from William Malt | They [the jurors] say that William Sharp, taverner, on Saturday 15th June 1381 went with force and arms to Newmarket and entered the close of John de Ikelyngham against the peace, and gravely threatened Katrina wife of the same John, unless she made a fine of 4 marks, unjustly and by extortion and against the peace. And that the same William on the aforesaid day with many others unknown went with force and arms to Snailwell and there took a cart and three horses attached to the same worth 40 s. belonging to William Malt, and took it away against the king's peace. | Larceny: theft of livestock,Larceny: theft of goods,Trespass to chattels: extortion and forcible fine ,Trespass to person: threats | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Bokeden ( 16284 ) | John Bokeden breaks the close of Henry Englissh (3518) | Accused | |
| Henry Englissh ( 16286 ) | John Bokeden breaks the close of Henry Englissh (3518) | Victim | |
| John Harveys ( 16285 ) | John Bokeden breaks the close of Henry Englissh (3518) | Mentioned | |
| John Malt ( 16271 ) | John Malt aids in the tearing down of the properties of William Malt (3515) | Accused | |
| William Malt ( 16272 ) | John Malt aids in the tearing down of the properties of William Malt (3515) | Victim | |
| Peter le Eyr ( 16274 ) | Robert Lowyn and Peter le Eyr despoil Thomas de Swaffham and threaten his family (3517) | Accused | |
| Robert Lowyn ( 16273 ) | Robert Lowyn and Peter le Eyr despoil Thomas de Swaffham and threaten his family (3517) | Accused | |
| Agnes de Swaffham ( 16276 ) | Robert Lowyn and Peter le Eyr despoil Thomas de Swaffham and threaten his family (3517) | Victim | |
| Thomas de Swaffham ( 16275 ) | Robert Lowyn and Peter le Eyr despoil Thomas de Swaffham and threaten his family (3517) | Victim | |
| Thomas de Swaffham ( 16277 ) | Robert Lowyn and Peter le Eyr despoil Thomas de Swaffham and threaten his family (3517) | Victim | |
| Henry Englissh ( 16286 ) | Robert Turveye steals from Henry Englissh (3521) | Victim | |
| Robert Turveye ( 16291 ) | Robert Turveye steals from Henry Englissh (3521) | Accused | |
| Thomas Roo ( 16290 ) | Thomas Roo raises the commons of Cheveley and Radfield (3520) | Accused | |
| John de Ikelyngham ( 16288 ) | William Sharp threatens John de Ikelyngham and steals from William Malt (3519) | Victim | |
| Katrina de Ikelyngham ( 16289 ) | William Sharp threatens John de Ikelyngham and steals from William Malt (3519) | Victim | |
| William Malt ( 16272 ) | William Sharp threatens John de Ikelyngham and steals from William Malt (3519) | Victim | |
| William Sharp ( 16287 ) | William Sharp threatens John de Ikelyngham and steals from William Malt (3519) | Accused |
