The People of 1381
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Source
| Type | Indictment by jury |
| Unique Identifying Text | TNA JUST 1/400 m. 19 |
| Archive name | The National Archives (London) |
| County | Kent |
| Published source (may be more than one) | W.E. Flaherty, 'The Great Rebellion in Kent of 1381. Illustrated from the Public Records', Archaeologia Cantiana, 3 (1860), pp. 90-1 |
| Text (English translation) | They also present, that when certain levies and insurrections were made by certain contentious [emulos] and unknown men about Dartford, on Wednesday before the feast of the Holy Trinity, in the fourth year of the reign of Richard the Second (5th June, 1381), against our said Lord the King, and his people, to the exceeding great injury of his peace, and when they congregated and betook themselves towards Canterbury, committing exceeding great damage, to wit, even to killing some of the lieges of our said Lord the King, pulling down the houses of some, plundering the gaols of our Lord the King at Maidstone and Rochester, and setting free the felons of our said Lord the King who were manacled with irons in the foresaid gaols, and perpetrating other treasons of the same kind; one John Gardener, tailor, of Faversham, went and met them, on Monday after the feast of the Holy Trinity, in the foresaid year (10th June, 1381), he well knowing that they had perpetrated the foresaid felonies and treasons, and rendered them aid and favour, at Preston-next-Faversham, and he, together with many others unknown, entered the close of William Makenade, at Preston-next-Faversham, and there made an assault upon him, insomuch that unless Jacob de Frogenale and Thomas Seyntleger had become bail for the foresaid William, to fulfil the requirements of the said John, which he was thereafter to explain to him, the said William would not have escaped death there. And thus, also, the said John, with others unknown, went to a certain place called The Lymost, in the foresaid village of Preston, on the foresaid Monday, and there, by force of arms, ejected one Stephen de Makenade from his land, and the goods and chattels of Philip Bode, found there, to wit, lime, sacks, and other utensils, to the value of forty shillings, on the said Monday, feloniously destroyed. And so he went on to Ospringe, and on the foresaid Monday made an assault there on Richard Bertelot, and commanded him to pay him instantly 10s., or else he would pull down his house there, in which he dwelt, and kill him; and, in order to escape the said injuries, the said Richard pledged himself to the payment of the foresaid 20 s. shortly afterwards, and he bound him thereto by the obligation of an oath, and took and carried away his goods and chattels, to wit, wine, flagons [ollas], and other utensils of the said Richard, found there, to the value of an hundred shillings. [On the back of the Presentment is] The Jurors say that this is a true bill, affirmed by the hundred of Faversham. |
People
| ID | First name | Last name | Gender | Occupation | Domicile | Role in source | Incidents | Go to participant page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6180 | Richard | Bertelot | Male | 2609 | Go to participant page | |||
| 6179 | Philip | Bode | Male | 2608 | Go to participant page | |||
| 6176 | Jacob | de Frogenale | Male | 2607 | Go to participant page | |||
| 6174 | John | Gardener | Male | Tailor | Faversham,Kent | 2609,2608,2607 | Go to participant page | |
| 6178 | Stephen | de Makenade | Male | Preston,Kent | 2608 | Go to participant page | ||
| 6175 | William | Makenade | Male | Preston,Kent | 2607 | Go to participant page | ||
| 6177 | Thomas | Seyntleger | Male | 2607 | Go to participant page |
Incidents
| ID | Summary | Description | Type | Go to incidents page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2608 | John Gardener ejects Stephen de Makenade from his land and destroys goods of Philip Bode | And thus, also, the said John, with others unknown, went to a certain place called The Lymost, in the foresaid village of Preston, on the foresaid Monday, and there, by force of arms, ejected one Stephen de Makenade from his land, and the goods and chattels of Philip Bode, found there, to wit, lime, sacks, and other utensils, to the value of forty shillings, on the said Monday, feloniously destroyed. | Trespass to land: forcible ejection of landholder,Trespass to chattels: destruction of goods | Go to incidents page |
| 2607 | John Gardener gives aid to rebels in Kent and attacks house of William Makenade | They also present, that when certain levies and insurrections were made by certain contentious [emulos] and unknown men about Dartford, on Wednesday before the feast of the Holy Trinity, in the fourth year of the reign of Richard the Second (5th June, 1381), against our said Lord the King, and his people, to the exceeding great injury of his peace, and when they congregated and betook themselves towards Canterbury, committing exceeding great damage, to wit, even to killing some of the lieges of our said Lord the King, pulling down the houses of some, plundering the gaols of our Lord the King at Maidstone and Rochester, and setting free the felons of our said Lord the King who were manacled with irons in the foresaid gaols, and perpetrating other treasons of the same kind; one John Gardener, tailor, of Faversham, went and met them, on Monday after the feast of the Holy Trinity, in the foresaid year (10th June, 1381), he well knowing that they had perpetrated the foresaid felonies and treasons, and rendered them aid and favour, at Preston-next-Faversham, and he, together with many others unknown, entered the close of William Makenade, at Preston-next-Faversham, and there made an assault upon him, insomuch that unless Jacob de Frogenale and Thomas Seyntleger, had become bail for the foresaid William, to fulfil the requirements of the said John, which he was thereafter to explain to him, the said William would not have escaped death there. | Trespass to person: assault,Joining rebel company,Trespass to land: forcible entry of close and houses | Go to incidents page |
| 2609 | John Gardener threatens and extorts money from Richard Bertelot | And so he went on to Ospringe, and on the foresaid Monday made an assault there on Richard Bertelot, and commanded him to pay him instantly 10s., or else he would pull down his house there, in which he dwelt, and kill him; and, in order to escape the said injuries, the said Richard pledged himself to the payment of the foresaid 20s. shortly afterwards, and he bound him thereto by the obligation of an oath, and took and carried away his goods and chattels, to wit, wine, flagons [ollas], and other utensils of the said Richard, found there, to the value of an hundred shillings. | Trespass to chattels: removal of goods,Trespass to person: threats,Trespass to chattels: extortion and forcible fine | Go to incidents page |
Incidents and People
| Person | Incident | Role | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Philip Bode ( 6179 ) | John Gardener ejects Stephen de Makenade from his land and destroys goods of Philip Bode (2608) | Victim | |
| John Gardener ( 6174 ) | John Gardener ejects Stephen de Makenade from his land and destroys goods of Philip Bode (2608) | Accused | |
| Stephen de Makenade ( 6178 ) | John Gardener ejects Stephen de Makenade from his land and destroys goods of Philip Bode (2608) | Victim | |
| Jacob de Frogenale ( 6176 ) | John Gardener gives aid to rebels in Kent and attacks house of William Makenade (2607) | Mainpernor | |
| John Gardener ( 6174 ) | John Gardener gives aid to rebels in Kent and attacks house of William Makenade (2607) | Accused | |
| William Makenade ( 6175 ) | John Gardener gives aid to rebels in Kent and attacks house of William Makenade (2607) | Victim | |
| Thomas Seyntleger ( 6177 ) | John Gardener gives aid to rebels in Kent and attacks house of William Makenade (2607) | Mainpernor | |
| Richard Bertelot ( 6180 ) | John Gardener threatens and extorts money from Richard Bertelot (2609) | Victim | |
| John Gardener ( 6174 ) | John Gardener threatens and extorts money from Richard Bertelot (2609) | Accused |
